What All Lens For Film Cameras Explained
What are the best lenses for filmmaking with a DSLR, mirrorless or movie theater photographic camera?
If y'all're on a budget and you lot accept a camera with the kit lens, your next purchase should be a medium telephoto prime number (non-zoom) lens. This is ideal for closeups with shallow focus backgrounds. After that, I'd get a high quality broad angle lens.
For creative and narrative filmmaking, a set of prime number lenses will give higher quality and more 'cinematic' shallow focus effects than zoom lenses. You can buy matched 'cinematics primes' which will give you precise control over exposure and focus, but they're expensive. On a upkeep, get for used manual focus primes with an adapter.
For news, events and documentary, i or two adept zoom lenses will be quicker to utilise. If y'all can beget information technology, go a constant aperture zoom that covers the range from broad to medium telephoto. You won't have to change lenses, and the exposure won't change as you zoom in and out. Yous could as well get a wide to ultrawide zoom for close range, handheld shooting.
If y'all need a more than exotic lens – such as a full-frame ultrawide lens or a fast telephoto – it's best to hire it unless you lot're sure you'll apply it regularly.
My recommended filmmaking lenses for Panasonic and BlackMagic MFT cameras
Other of import features
Prototype stabilisation
This can be of import if yous need to work fast without a tripod.
Electronic or mechanical focusing
Many modern photographic camera lenses are 'wing-by-wire': you plough a physical focus ring, but an electronic motor adjusts the focus. The focus will modify differently depending on how fast yous plough the focus ring. This is OK if you mainly use autofocus, or if your camera allows y'all to preset focus pulls. But information technology doesn't work well if you desire to pull (change) focus manually. And then you might prefer lenses with mechanical focus rings fabricated by third political party manufacturers, or vintage prime lenses which were designed for manual focus.
Parfocal lenses
A parfocal lens holds its focus when you zoom in and out. This can be of import when you're working quickly.
Focus animate
With some lenses, image size can change very slightly as you adjust the focus. This tin be distracting if you pull focus. More expensive, higher quality modernistic lenses are designed to minimise this.
Focal length and sensor size
'Full-frame' sensors, used on loftier-terminate Canon, Sony and Panasonic cameras, are almost the same size as 35mm still photographic camera film.
Sensors that are smaller than this are sometimes called ingather sensors. 'Crop factor' means how much smaller the sensor is than a 'full-frame' 35mm nonetheless camera frame. This lets you compare lenses on different sensors. So an 18mm lens on a camera with a crop cistron of ane.6 will have the same field of view as a 29mm lens on a full frame 35mm nevertheless photographic camera. (18 x one.6 = 29)
- APS-C sensors are used on many mid-range cameras fabricated past Canon, Nikon and Sony. They are nigh the same size as a 35mm movie camera frame. Canon APS-C cameras have a ingather gene of around i.6; with Nikon, Sony and Fujifilm it's i.5.
- Some cameras, such equally the Canon Movie theatre EOS range, have slightly larger Super 35 sensors with a 1.4-1.five crop factor. They can commonly use lenses designed for APS-C.
- MFT (Micro Four Thirds) is a smaller sensor size used on Olympus and Panasonic cameras, and the BlackMagic Pocket Cinema Photographic camera 4K. The ingather factor varies from ii-ii.half dozen depending on which camera yous have and whether you're filming HD or 4K (more than on this folio).
You tin can employ lenses designed for total frame on cameras with smaller sensors, though you lot may need an adaptor. (For compact cameras, it'southward best to find out what the '35mm equivalent' is.) Many Panasonic MFT users get the optical Metabones Speedbooster adapters, which let them use – and get the effect of – total-frame Catechism EF lenses with the smaller Panasonic sensor.
How focal length affects the image
These pictures show how the different focal lengths will affect your image. There'south more nigh using lenses on this page.
Wide angle
Focal length: Full-frame around 24-40mm; APS-C fifteen-24mm; MFT x-17mm
These lenses are very useful for filming master shots of a whole scene, or getting in close and working in cramped spaces. They're easy to handhold, perspective looks dramatic, and there's skilful depth of field (a lot of the shot is in focus at the same time). The big drawback is that closeups volition exist distorted. If you lot desire to shoot with only ane prime number lens, this may be the one to have.
Standard
Focal length: Full-frame around 50mm; APS-C around 35mm; MFT 20-25mm.
These lenses offering natural-looking perspective. They're good for two-shots of people, and mid shots (hips to head) only they give slight distortion if y'all use them for closeups. 50mm prime lenses are normally small and 'fast' (they have a wide maximum aperture to let in a lot of low-cal). f/1.8 versions are compact and give excellent image quality for the coin; faster versions (1.4 or 1.ii) are bigger and more expensive. The broad maximum apertures make for shallow depth of field: good if you want to employ focus creatively, non so good if y'all need everything to be abrupt.
Medium telephoto or 'portrait' lens
Focal length: Full-frame around 85-100mm; APS-C around 50-60mm; MFT 35-50mm.
These are the shortest lenses that volition requite undistorted closeups. They are usually quite 'fast' (they take a wide maximum aperture) which makes them skillful in low light. Just they're tricky to handhold, so they're best on a tripod.
These lenses seem to flatten perspective (which is good for strong, graphic compositions) and they allow you get nice shallow depth of field effects. Yous'll need to exist accurate with your focusing.
If your camera has an APS-C or Super 35 sensor, a 50mm f/1.8 lens – which would be a standard lens on a 'full frame' body – makes an first-class, affordable medium telephoto.
Telephoto lens
Focal length: Full-frame, 135mm and above. APS-C 85mm and above. MFT, 60mm and above.
Longer telephoto lenses are good for flattening perspective, isolating the subject from the background and bringing distant objects closer. But they are unremarkably big, heavy, wearisome and need to be used on a tripod or monopod.
Ultrawide
Focal length: Full-frame less than 24mm; APS-C less than 16mm; MFT less than 10mm
These lenses will fit a lot into the scene. They're easy to handhold and have very adept depth of field. But closeups and the edges of shots will be very distorted, and it'll be very obvious if the lens isn't level. These lenses are good for fast, fly-on-the-wall documentary piece of work because they allow you get really close to the subject, and the dramatic perspective can brand pretty much anything look interesting. Proficient quality ultrawide lenses for arrangement cameras are expensive.
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